100 Days of Code Log R1D4

Today, I was introduced to I/O in Fortran. Its a little complex for seemingly simple task. But, its good to have all the bells and whistles known upfront. Here is a sample program on input output.

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

program inputoutput
    use, intrinsic :: iso_fortran_env, only : sp=>real32, dp=>real64, error_unit, input_unit
    implicit none
    integer :: unit_nr, istat
    integer :: a, b
    character(len=1024) :: msg
    ! IO Opening a file
    open(newunit=unit_nr, file='text.txt', access='sequential', action='write', &
    status='new', form='formatted', iostat=istat, iomsg=msg)
    if (istat /= 0 ) then ! Handling Error
        write (unit=error_unit, fmt='(3A)') 'error: ', trim(msg), istat
        stop 1
    end if
    ! Writing to a file
    write (unit=unit_nr, fmt='(A)') 'hello world'
    write (unit=unit_nr, fmt='(F4.2)') x
    close(unit=unit_nr)
    
    print *, "Enter the number"
    ! Reading input from user
    read(unit=input_unit, fmt='(I2)', iostat=istat, iomsg=msg) a
    print *, a+5

end program inputoutput

In Fortran IO, there are few points to note.

• Each file is represented by a unit number. While opening a file, it can either be specified manually (open(unit=unit_number)) or assigned at the time of opening with newunit keyword.
• Access can be sequential direct or stream.
• action can be read, write or readwrite.
• status - old, new, replace or scratch.
• form - formatted or unformatted.
• posiition (for writing) - rewind or append.
• iostat - the integer which will contain the exit status of command. If the variable is not equal to zero, the error handling has to be performed.
• iomsg - a string which will carry the error message needs to be passed.

Reading the input follows a similar suite, though for reading from user console, the parameter is unit=input_unit which is available in iso_fortran_env.

I still haven’t understood how the format is specified but have left it for future. I have started with the exercises but will post more on that on the upcoming day! Here is a logistic map from the first exercise!